Constitutional Amendments

The Constitution of India has been amended over 100 times since its adoption in 1950. These amendments reflect the evolving needs of Indian democracy and society.

Important Amendments

1st Amendment (1951)

Added Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review.

42nd Amendment (1976)

Added words "Socialist" and "Secular" to Preamble. Added Fundamental Duties.

44th Amendment (1978)

Restored some fundamental rights and judicial review powers.

73rd Amendment (1992)

Added Part IX for Panchayati Raj institutions.

74th Amendment (1992)

Added Part IXA for Municipalities.

97th Amendment (2011)

Added Part IXB for Co-operative Societies.

101st Amendment (2016)

Introduced Goods and Services Tax (GST).

103rd Amendment (2019)

Added 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections.